Wisconsin Land Surveying Licensing Law

Wisconsin Code · 24 sections

The following is the full text of Wisconsin’s land surveying licensing law statutes as published in the Wisconsin Code. For the official version, see the Wisconsin Legislature.

Wis. Stat. 145.20

145.20 Private on-site wastewater treatment systems. (1) Organization and personnel. (a) The governing body of the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems may assign the duties of administering the private on-site wastewater treatment system program to any office, department, committee, board, commission, position or employee of that governmental unit. (am) The governing body of the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems may delegate the duties of administering the private on-site wastewater treatment system program to a town sanitary district or public inland lake protection and rehabilitation district with the powers of a town sanitary district within the town sanitary district or public inland lake protection and rehabilitation district if the town sanitary district or public inland lake protection and rehabilitation district agrees to assume those duties. (b) The governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems shall obtain the services of a certified soil tester, either as an employee or under contract, to review and verify certified soil tester reports under sub. (2). (2) Governmental unit responsibilities. The governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems shall: (a) Review certified soil tester reports for proposed private on-site wastewater treatment systems and verify the report at the proposed site, if necessary. (b) Approve or disapprove applications for sanitary permits and assist applicants in preparing an approvable application. (c) Issue written notice to each applicant whose sanitary permit application is disapproved. Each notice shall state the specific reasons for disapproval and amendments to the application, if any, which render the application approvable. Each notice shall also give notice of the applicant’s right to appeal and the procedures for conducting an appeal under ch. 68. (d) Inspect all private on-site wastewater treatment systems after construction but before backfilling no later than the end of the next workday, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, after receiving notice from the plumber in charge. (e) File reports and conduct surveys and inspections as required by the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems or the department. (f) Investigate violations of the private on-site wastewater treatment system ordinance and s. 254.59 (2), issue orders to abate the violations and submit orders to the district attorney, corporation counsel or attorney general for enforcement. (g) Perform other duties regarding private on-site wastewater treatment systems as considered appropriate by the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems or as required by the rules of the department. (h) Inspect existing private on-site wastewater treatment systems to determine compliance with s. 145.195 if a building or structure is being constructed which requires connection to an existing private on-site wastewater treatment system. The county is not required to conduct an on-site inspection if a building or structure is being constructed which does not require connection to an existing private on-site wastewater treatment system. (i) Adopt and enforce the maintenance program under sub. (5). (3) Department responsibilities. (a) 1. The department may specify categories of private on-site wastewater treatment systems for which approval by the department is required prior to issuance of sanitary permits by the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems. 2. The department may exempt a governmental unit from any category of private on-site wastewater treatment systems for which departmental approval is required prior to sanitary permit issuance under subd. 1., upon a determination, in accordance with rules promulgated by the department, that past performance of the governmental unit on reviews and audits under par. (b) has been satisfactory and that the governmental unit has the capacity to give the same level of application and plan review as that provided by the department. The department may revoke an exemption upon a finding that performance of the governmental unit on a review or audit conducted subsequent to the granting of the exemption is unsatisfactory or that the governmental unit is not giving the same level of application and plan review as that provided by the department. Findings in a revocation action may be made only after a public hearing upon 30 days’ advance notice to the clerk of the governmental unit. The department shall submit a report under s. 13.172 (2) to the chief clerk of each house of the legislature, at the beginning of each legislative session, describing the exemptions under this subdivision. (b) The department shall review the private on-site wastewater treatment system program in each governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems to ascertain compliance with sub. (2) and with regulations issued by the department. This review shall include a random audit of sanitary permits, including verification by on-site inspection. (c) If the governing body for a governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems does not adopt a private on-site wastewater treatment system ordinance meeting the requirements of s. 59.70 (5) or if the governmental unit does not appoint personnel meeting the requirements of sub. (1) or if the governmental unit does not comply with the requirements of sub. (2) or s. 145.19 (3), the department may conduct hearings in the county seat upon 30 days’ notice to the county clerk. As soon as practicable after the public hearing, the department shall issue a written decision regarding compliance with s. 59.70 (5) or 145.19 (3) or sub. (1) or (2). If the department determines that there is a violation of these provisions, the governmental unit may not issue a sanitary permit for the installation of a private on-site wastewater treatment system until the violation is corrected. (d) The department shall conduct training and informational programs for officials of the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems and employees and persons licensed under this chapter and s. 281.48 and certified as operators of septage servicing vehicles under s. 281.17 (3) to improve the delivery of service under the private on-site wastewater treatment system program. The department shall obtain the assistance of the Wisconsin counties association in planning and conducting the training and informational programs. (4) Special assessment for holding and septic tank pumping. A governmental unit may assess the owner of a private on-site wastewater treatment system for costs related to the pumping of a septic or holding tank. The governmental unit shall make any assessment in the same manner that a city, village or town makes an assessment under s. 66.0703. (5) Maintenance. (a) The department shall establish a maintenance program to be administered by governmental units responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems. The department shall determine the private on-site wastewater treatment systems to which the maintenance program applies. At a minimum the maintenance program is applicable to all new or replacement private on-site wastewater treatment systems constructed in a governmental unit after the date on which the governmental unit adopts this program. The department may apply the maintenance program by rule to private on-site wastewater treatment systems constructed in a governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems on or before the date on which the governmental unit adopts the program. (am) Each governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems shall adopt and begin the administration of the program established under par. (a) before October 1, 2019. As part of adopting and administering the program, the governmental unit shall conduct and maintain an inventory of all the private on-site wastewater treatment systems located in the governmental unit and shall complete the initial inventory before October 1, 2017. (b) The maintenance program shall include a requirement of inspection or pumping of the private on-site wastewater treatment system at least once every 3 years if the private on-site wastewater treatment system does not have a maintenance plan as prescribed by rule by the department. Inspections may be conducted by a master plumber, journeyman plumber or restricted plumber licensed under this chapter, a person licensed under s. 281.48 or by an employee of the state or governmental unit designated by the department, and the department may determine by rule other persons who are qualified to undertake required inspection, maintenance, or repairs. The department shall specify the methods to establish the required frequency of inspection, maintenance, and pumping for each type of private on-site wastewater treatment system that does not have a maintenance plan and shall periodically update the methods. (c) The department of natural resources may suspend or revoke a license issued under s. 281.48 or a certificate issued under s. 281.17 (3) to the operator of a septage servicing vehicle if the department of natural resources finds that the licensee or operator falsified information on inspection forms. The department of safety and professional services may suspend or revoke the license of a plumber licensed under this chapter if the department finds that the plumber falsified information on inspection forms. (6) Restrictions on reviewers and inspectors. (a) Except as provided in par. (b), a governmental unit employee who has responsibilities related to any of the activities under sub. (2) (a) to (i) may not do any of the following in the county in which the employee is employed or in an adjacent county: 1. Conduct any activities for which certification is required under s. 145.045 (1), except that the employee may review and verify soil tester reports as provided in sub. (2) (a). 2. Install, design, maintain, repair, or sell a private on-site wastewater treatment system, component of a private on-site wastewater treatment system, drain field designed to serve a private on-site wastewater treatment system, or pipe from a private on-site wastewater treatment system to the immediate inside of the existing or proposed foundation wall of the building served by the private on-site wastewater treatment system. (b) Paragraph (a) does not apply to activities performed by an employee on property owned by the employee that is outside of the governmental unit for which the employee works. History: 1979 c. 34, 221; 1981 c. 120; 1983 a. 192 s. 303 (7); 1983 a. 410; 1987 a. 27, 160; 1989 a. 31; 1993 a. 16, 27; 1995 a. 201, 227; 1999 a. 150 s. 672; 2005 a. 347 ss. 12, 14; 2007 a. 197; 2009 a. 392; 2011 a. 32, 134, 146; 2013 a. 165; 2017 a. 59; 2021 a. 67 s. 2; 2023 a. 19 s. 472g. Cross-reference: See also ch. SPS 383, Wis. adm. code. NOTE: 2005 Wis. Act 347, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.

Wis. Stat. § 145.23

145.23 " href="/doc/feed?path=%2Fstatutes%2Fstatutes%2F145%2F23" /> Skip navigation Home Documents Senate Assembly Committees Service Agencies Docs Options Help 2025 Biennium Statutes Admin. Rules Indices Miscellaneous Archives Home Bill, Rule, and Appointment Histories Senators Representatives Committees Text of Introduced Proposals Amendment Text Acts Veto Messages Enrolled Bills Votes Assembly and Senate Floor Calendars Schedule of Committee Activities Assembly and Senate Journals Committee Records (ROCPs) Legislative Rules All Session-Related Documents Subject Index to Acts Subject Index to Legislation Subject Index to Journals Author Index to Legislation Subject Index to Clearinghouse Rules Miscellaneous Budget Documents Executive Orders Rulings of the Chair Wisconsin Supreme Court Rules Opinions of the Attorney General Town Law Forms Law Districts Session Drafting Files Feeds Preferences Show tree Hide tree Feedback Help Home Senate Home Senators Committees Session Chief Clerk Sergeant at Arms Civics Education Human Resources Assembly Home Representatives Committees Session Chief Clerk Sergeant at Arms Human Resources Schedule Joint Senate Assembly Study Legislative Audit Bureau Legislative Council Legislative Fiscal Bureau Legislative Human Resources Office Legislative Reference Bureau Legislative Technology Services Bureau Please note, you are using an old version of Internet Explorer . Your experience will improve if you upgrade your browser . Menu » Statutes Related » Statutes » Chapter 145 Up Up 145.20(2)(b) (b) Approve or disapprove applications for sanitary permits and assist applicants in preparing an approvable application. 145.20(2)(c) (c) Issue written notice to each applicant whose sanitary permit application is disapproved. Each notice shall state the specific reasons for disapproval and amendments to the application, if any, which render the application approvable. Each notice shall also give notice of the applicant’s right to appeal and the procedures for conducting an appeal under ch. 68 . 145.20(2)(d) (d) Inspect all private on-site wastewater treatment systems after construction but before backfilling no later than the end of the next workday, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, after receiving notice from the plumber in charge. 145.20(2)(e) (e) File reports and conduct surveys and inspections as required by the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems or the department. 145.20(2)(f) (f) Investigate violations of the private on-site wastewater treatment system ordinance and s. 254.59 (2) , issue orders to abate the violations and submit orders to the district attorney, corporation counsel or attorney general for enforcement. 145.20(2)(g) (g) Perform other duties regarding private on-site wastewater treatment systems as considered appropriate by the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems or as required by

Wis. Stat. § 145.24

145.24 " href="/doc/feed?path=%2Fstatutes%2Fstatutes%2F145%2F24" /> Skip navigation Home Documents Senate Assembly Committees Service Agencies Docs Options Help 2025 Biennium Statutes Admin. Rules Indices Miscellaneous Archives Home Bill, Rule, and Appointment Histories Senators Representatives Committees Text of Introduced Proposals Amendment Text Acts Veto Messages Enrolled Bills Votes Assembly and Senate Floor Calendars Schedule of Committee Activities Assembly and Senate Journals Committee Records (ROCPs) Legislative Rules All Session-Related Documents Subject Index to Acts Subject Index to Legislation Subject Index to Journals Author Index to Legislation Subject Index to Clearinghouse Rules Miscellaneous Budget Documents Executive Orders Rulings of the Chair Wisconsin Supreme Court Rules Opinions of the Attorney General Town Law Forms Law Districts Session Drafting Files Feeds Preferences Show tree Hide tree Feedback Help Home Senate Home Senators Committees Session Chief Clerk Sergeant at Arms Civics Education Human Resources Assembly Home Representatives Committees Session Chief Clerk Sergeant at Arms Human Resources Schedule Joint Senate Assembly Study Legislative Audit Bureau Legislative Council Legislative Fiscal Bureau Legislative Human Resources Office Legislative Reference Bureau Legislative Technology Services Bureau Please note, you are using an old version of Internet Explorer . Your experience will improve if you upgrade your browser . Menu » Statutes Related » Statutes » Chapter 145 Up Up 145.20(2)(d) (d) Inspect all private on-site wastewater treatment systems after construction but before backfilling no later than the end of the next workday, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, after receiving notice from the plumber in charge. 145.20(2)(e) (e) File reports and conduct surveys and inspections as required by the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems or the department. 145.20(2)(f) (f) Investigate violations of the private on-site wastewater treatment system ordinance and s. 254.59 (2) , issue orders to abate the violations and submit orders to the district attorney, corporation counsel or attorney general for enforcement. 145.20(2)(g) (g) Perform other duties regarding private on-site wastewater treatment systems as considered appropriate by the governmental unit responsible for the regulation of private on-site wastewater treatment systems or as required by the rules of the department. 145.20(2)(h) (h) Inspect existing private on-site wastewater treatment systems to determine compliance with s. 145.195 if a building or structure is being constructed which requires connection to an existing private on-site wastewater treatment system. The county is not required to conduct an on-site inspection if a building or structure is being constructed which does not require connection to an existing private on-site wastewater treatment system. 145.20(2)(i) (i) Adopt and enf

Wis. Stat. § 190.02

190.02

 

Powers of railroads.

Every public railroad corporation shall have the powers conferred on corporations in ch. 180 and in addition thereto shall have power:

190.02(1)

(1)

 

Survey of route.

To cause such examination and surveys for its proposed railroad to be made as may be necessary to the selection of the most advantageous route, and for such purpose to enter upon the lands of any person, but subject to responsibility for all damage which shall be done thereto.

190.02(2)

(2)

 

Donations to railroads.

To take and hold grants of aid; but the real estate received by voluntary grant shall be held and used for the purpose of the grant only.

190.02(3)

(3)

 

Acquire property; lease and alienate.

To acquire all property necessary for the construction, maintenance and operation of its railroad and the stations, depot grounds, yards, roundhouses, shops, warehouses, elevators, docks and other accommodations reasonably necessary to accomplish the objects of its incorporation; to lease or otherwise dispose of any part thereof or to sell the same when no longer necessary to its use.

190.02(4)

(4)

 

Acquire lands for cuts, fills, materials.

For the purposes of cuttings and embankments and of obtaining gravel or other material, to take as much land as may be necessary for the proper construction, operation and security of the road, and to remove any trees that may be in danger of falling on the road, making compensation therefor as provided for lands taken for the use of the corporation.

190.02(5)

(5)

 

Cross highways, streets, streams; highway bridges.

To construct its railroad across, over, under, along or upon any stream, watercourse, street, highway, road or canal, subject to the limitation that any bridge erected over any highway or street shall leave a clear passageway at least 20 feet wide or 2 passageways, each not less than 14 feet in width, and subject to any other limitation on such construction provided by law.

190.02(6)

(6)

 

Railroad intersections.

To cross, intersect, join or unite its railroad with any other railroad, at any point, with the necessary turnouts, sidings and switches and other conveniences in furtherance of the objects of its connections. And if the 2 corporations cannot agree upon the amount of compensation to be made therefor or the points and manner of such crossings and connections the same shall be ascertained by the office on application of either corporation.

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2023-24 Wisconsin Statutes updated

through 2025 Wis. Act 103 and through all Supreme Court Orders and Controlled Substances Board Orders filed before and in effect on April 3, 2026.

Published and certified under s. 35.18. Changes effective after April 3, 2026, are designated by NOTES.

(Published 4-3-26)

Wis. Stat. § 2.01

2.01

 

County boundaries.

The state is divided into the counties hereinafter named, and they are respectively bounded as follows, to wit:

2.01(1)

(1)

 

Adams:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 14, of range 7 east of the 4th principal meridian, and running thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 20, range 7 east; thence west on the township line to the center of the main channel of the Wisconsin River; thence southerly along the main channel of said river to the township line between townships 13 and 14; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(2)

(2)

 

Ashland:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 41 north, of range 4 west of the 4th principal meridian, and running thence north on the range line between ranges 4 and 5 west, to the south end of Long Island Bay, on Lake Superior; thence northerly along the center of said bay to the center of the channel known as the Bay of La Pointe; thence northerly, following the center of the watercourse between the main land and the Apostle Islands, and passing east of Raspberry Island, to the state line; thence easterly and northerly along the state line, to the center of Lake Superior; thence southwesterly to the northwest corner of township 47 north, of range one west; thence south on the range line between ranges one and 2 west, to the southwest corner of township 44 north of range one west; thence east along the township line to the southeast corner of said township 44 north, of range one west; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 43 north, of range one east; thence east along the township line to the southeast corner of said township 43 north, of range one east; thence south along the range line to the southeast corner of township 41 north, of range one east; thence west on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(3)

(3)

 

Barron:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 32, of range 14 west of the meridian aforesaid; running thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of township 32, of range 10 west; thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 36, of range 10 west; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of township 36, of range 14 west; thence south on the range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(4)

(4)

 

Bayfield:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 43, of range 9 west of the meridian aforesaid; and running thence east on the township line to the range line between ranges 4 and 5 west; thence north on said range line to the south end of Long Island Bay on Lake Superior; thence northerly along the center of said bay to the center of the channel known as the Bay of LaPointe; thence northerly, following the center of the watercourse between the main land and the Apostle Islands, passing east of Raspberry Island to the state line; thence southwesterly along the state line to a point where the range line between ranges 9 and 10 west, when extended, intersects the state line; thence south on said last-named range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(5)

(5)

 

Brown:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 22, of range 22 east of the meridian aforesaid; and running thence north on the range line to the point where said range line intersects the east shore of Green Bay; thence northeasterly along the east shore of said bay to a point where the township line between townships 25 and 26 intersects the shore of said bay; thence west on said township line to the southeast corner of fractional section 31, in township 26, of range 19 east; thence north on the section line to the quarter-post between fractional section 31 and section 32 in township 26, of range 19 east; thence west on the quarter-section lines to the center-post of section 36, in township 26, of range 18 east; thence south on quarter-section lines to the northwest corner of the southwest one-sixteenth in the southeast one-quarter of section one, in township 25, of range 18 east; thence east on sixteenth-section lines to a point 825 feet west of the range line between section one, in township 25, of range 18 east, and section 6, in township 25, of range 19 east; thence north 264 feet; thence east 825 feet to the range line; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 25, of range 19 east; thence east on the south line of said township to the northeast corner of section 4, in township 24, of range 19 east; thence south on the section lines to the southeast corner of section 33, in township 21, of range 19 east; thence east on the township line to the southwest corner of township 21, of range 22 east; thence north on the range line to the northwest corner of said township 21, of range 22 east; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(6)

(6)

 

Buffalo:

Beginning at the northwest corner of township 24, of range 9 west of the meridian aforesaid; and running thence south on the range line to the Trempealeau or Mountain River; thence down the meandered channel, being the most westerly channel of said river, passing through townships 20 and 19, of range 10 west, and through the northeast corner of section 2, through sections 3, 10, 9 and 15 of township 18, of range 10 west, to the Mississippi River, and to the western boundary line of this state; thence northerly up the Mississippi River, along the western boundary of this state, to the mouth of the Chippewa River; thence up the main channel of the Chippewa River to the township line between townships 24 and 25; thence east on said township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(7)

(7)

 

Burnett:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 37, of range 14 west of the meridian aforesaid; and running thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 42, of said range 14 west; thence west on the township line to the boundary line between this state and the state of Minnesota; thence south along said boundary line to a point where the township line between townships 36 and 37 intersects said line; thence east on said township line to the southeast corner of township 37, of range 18 west; thence north to the northeast corner of said last-named township; thence east to the southeast corner of township 38, of range 15 west; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 37, of range 14 west; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(8)

(8)

 

Calumet:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 17, of range 20 east of the meridian aforesaid; and running thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 20, of range 20 east; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of township 20, of range 18 east; thence due south through Winnebago Lake to a point in the range of the east and west line which forms the southern boundary of the Indian reservation; thence east on said last-named boundary line to the range line between ranges 19 and 20 east; thence south on said range line to the southwest corner of township 17, of range 20 east; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(9)

(9)

 

Chippewa:

Beginning at the northeast corner of township 27 north, of range 5 west of the meridian aforesaid; running thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 32, of range 5 west; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of township 32 north, of range 9 west; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 32 north, of range 9 west; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of township 31, of range 10 west; thence south on the township line to the southwest corner of township 31 north, of range 10 west; thence east on the township line to the northwest corner of township 30 north of range 10 west; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 28 north, of range 10 west; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(10)

(10)

 

Clark:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 23, of range one east of the meridian aforesaid; thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 29, of range one east; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of township 29, of range 4 west; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 24, of range 4 west; thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of said township 24, of range 4 west; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 23, of range 3 west; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(11)

(11)

 

Columbia:

Beginning at a point in the north line of township 13, of range 6 east, where the said line intersects the center of the main channel of the Wisconsin River; running thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to a point where the range line between ranges 7 and 8 east intersect said river; thence south on said range line to the middle of the Wisconsin River aforesaid (in township 10); thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to a point where the north line of township 9 intersects the same; thence east on said township line to the southeast corner of township 10, of range 12 east; thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 13, of range 12 east; thence west on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(12)

(12)

 

Crawford:

Beginning at a point in the western boundary line of this state, in the Mississippi River, opposite the mouth of the Wisconsin River; and running thence easterly up the middle of the main channel of the Wisconsin River to a point where the range line between ranges 2 and 3 west of the meridian aforesaid intersects the middle of said main channel; thence north on said range line to the northeast corner of section 24, of township 11, of range 3 west; thence west on the section line to the west boundary line of this state, in the main channel of the Mississippi River; thence southerly on said boundary line to the place of beginning.

2.01(13)

(13)

 

Dane:

Beginning at a point in the center of the main channel of the Wisconsin River where the range line between ranges 5 and 6 east of the meridian aforesaid crosses said river; running thence south on said range line to the southwest corner of township 5, of range 6 east; thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of township 5, of range 12 east; thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 9, of range 12 east; thence west on the township line to the middle of the Wisconsin River; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning.

2.01(14)

(14)

 

Dodge:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 9, of range 17 east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 13, of range 17 east; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of township 13, of range 13 east; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 9, of range 13 east; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(15)

(15)

 

Door:

Beginning on the west shore of Lake Michigan where the south line of township 26 intersects Lake Michigan; running thence west on the township line to the center of Green Bay; thence northeasterly along the center of the main channel of Green Bay to the boundary line between the states of Michigan and Wisconsin; thence along said boundary line between the state of Michigan and the state of Wisconsin to a point in Lake Michigan where the east and west line on the south side of township 26, extended easterly, would intersect the eastern boundary of the state of Wisconsin; and from thence west to the place of beginning.

2.01(16)

(16)

 

Douglas:

All that part of this state lying west of range 9 west of the 4th principal meridian and north of the township line between townships 42 and 43.

2.01(17)

(17)

 

Dunn:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 26, of range 14 west of the meridian aforesaid; and running thence east on the township line to the range line between ranges 10 and 11 west; thence north on said range line to the township line between townships 31 and 32; thence west on the township line to the range line between ranges 14 and 15 west; thence south on said range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(18)

(18)

 

Eau Claire:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 25, of range 10 west of the meridian aforesaid; and running thence east on the township line to the range line between ranges 4 and 5 west; thence north on said range line to the township line between townships 27 and 28; thence west on said township line to the range line between ranges 10 and 11 west; thence south on said line to the place of beginning.

2.01(19)

(19)

 

Florence:

Commencing at the southwest corner of township 38, of range 15 east of the meridian aforesaid; thence east along the township line to the southeast corner of township 38, of range 19 east; thence north on the range line to the northern boundary of this state, in the Menominee River; thence northwesterly along said boundary line to the range line between ranges 14 and 15 east, in the Brule River; thence southerly on said range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(20)

(20)

 

Fond du Lac:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 13, of range 19 east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence north on the range line to the south line of the Indian reservation; thence west on said south line to a point in Lake Winnebago, in the range line between ranges 17 and 18 east; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 16 and 17; thence west to the northwest corner of township 16, of range 14 east; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 14, of range 14 east; thence east on the township line to the northwest corner of township 13, of range 18 east; thence south to the southwest corner of the last-named township; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(21)

(21)

 

Forest:

Commencing at the southwest corner of township 34 north, of range 13 east of the 4th principal meridian; running thence north on the range line between ranges 12 and 13 to the township line between townships 34 and 35 north; thence west on said township line to the range line between ranges 11 and 12 east; thence north on said range line to the 4th correction line; thence east on said correction line to the range line between ranges 12 and 13; thence north on the range line between ranges 12 and 13 to the boundary line between the states of Michigan and Wisconsin; thence southeasterly on said boundary line to the range line between ranges 14 and 15 east; thence south on said range line to the 4th correction line; thence east on said correction line to the northeast corner of township 40, of range 14 east; thence south on the range line between ranges 14 and 15 to the southeast corner of township 38, of range 14 east; thence east on the township line to the range line between ranges 16 and 17 east; thence south on the range line to the township line between townships 33 and 34; thence west on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(22)

(22)

 

Grant:

All that part of this state lying west of the 4th principal meridian, and south of the center of the main channel of the Wisconsin River.

2.01(23)

(23)

 

Green:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township one, of range 9 east of the meridian aforesaid, in the boundary line of this state; running thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 4, of range 9 east; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of township 4, of range 6 east; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township one, of range 6 east; thence east on the boundary line aforesaid to the place of beginning.

2.01(24)

(24)

 

Green Lake:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 14, of range 11 east; and running thence east on the township line to the range line between ranges 13 and 14 east; thence north on said range line to the northeast corner of township 17, of range 13 east; thence west on the township line to the northeast corner of section 3, of township 17, of range 11 east; thence south along the east lines of sections 3, 10, 15, 22, 27, and 34 of township 17 of range 11 east and the east lines of sections 3 and 10 of township 16 of range 11 east to the southeast corner of section 10 of township 16, of range 11 east; thence west along the south lines of sections 9 and 10 of township 16 of range 11 east to the north one-quarter corner of section 16; thence south through the center of sections 16, 21, 28 and 33 to the township line between townships 15 and 16; thence east along said township line to the point where the center of the Fox River crosses said township line between sections 4 and 33 of the last named townships; thence southerly and easterly along the center of the Fox River to the point where the center of said river crosses the east line of section 3, in township 15, of range 11 east; thence south on the east lines of sections 3, 10, 15, and 22 of township 15 of range 11 east to Lake Puckaway; thence westerly along the shore of said lake as meandered by the original government survey to the east line of section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east; thence westerly to the northeast corner of government lot 5 in section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east; thence southerly and westerly along the easterly line of government lot 5 in section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east to the south line of section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east; thence west on the south line of section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east to the range line between ranges 10 and 11 east; thence south on said range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(25)

(25)

 

Iowa:

Beginning at a point in the middle of the main channel of the Wisconsin River where the 4th principal meridian crosses said river; running thence south on said meridian to the southwest corner of section 18, in township 4, of range one east; thence east on the section lines to the southeast corner of section 13, in township 4, of range 5 east; thence north on the range line to the middle of the Wisconsin River; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning.

2.01(26)

(26)

 

Iron:

Commencing at the mouth of the Montreal River, thence to the center of Lake Superior along the state line; thence southwesterly to the northwest corner of township number 47 north, of range number one west; thence south on the range line between ranges number one and 2 west, to the southwest corner of township number 44 north, of range number one west; thence east, along the township line, to the southeast corner of said township number 44 north, of range number one west; thence south on range line, to the southwest corner of township number 43 north, of range number one east; thence east along the township line to the southeast corner of said township number 43 north, of range number one east; thence south, along the range line, to the southeast corner of township number 41 north, of range number one east; thence east, along the township line, to the southeast corner of township number 41 north, of range number 4 east; thence north on the range line between ranges number 4 and 5 east, to the state line; thence northwesterly along the state line to the center of the Montreal River, and following center line of said river to the place of beginning.

2.01(27)

(27)

 

Jackson:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 20, of range one east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence north on the range line to the township line between townships 22 and 23; thence west on said township line to the southwest corner of township 23, of range 3 west; thence north on the range line to the northwest corner of said township 23, of range 3 west; thence west on the township line to the range line between ranges 4 and 5 west; thence north on said range line to the township line between townships 24 and 25; thence west on said township line to the range line between ranges 6 and 7 west; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 18 and 19; thence east on said township line to the southwest corner of section 34, of township 19, of range 5 west; thence north on the west lines of sections 34, 27, 22, and 15 of township 19 north, range 5 west, to the most southerly intersection with the center line of the Black River; thence in a northeasterly direction along said center line of the Black River to its intersection with the north line of section 6, township 19 north, range 4 west; thence east on the township line between townships 19 and 20 to the place of beginning.

2.01(28)

(28)

 

Jefferson:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 5, of range 16 east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 8, of range 16 east; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of township 8, of range 13 east; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 5, of range 13 east; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(29)

(29)

 

Juneau:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 14, of range 2 east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence east on the township line to the center of the main channel of the Wisconsin River; thence northerly up the main channel of said river to the township line between townships 20 and 21; thence west on said township line to the range line between ranges one and 2 east; thence south on said range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(30)

(30)

 

Kenosha:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township one, of range 19 east of the meridian aforesaid, in the southern boundary line of this state; running thence east on said boundary line to the center of Lake Michigan; thence northerly along the eastern boundary line of this state to the township line between townships 2 and 3; thence west on said township line to the range line between ranges 19 and 20 east; thence south on said range line to the section line between sections 24 and 25, in township 2, of range 19 east; thence west on said section line to the range line between ranges 18 and 19 east; thence south on said range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(31)

(31)

 

Kewaunee:

Beginning at a point on the west shore of Lake Michigan where the north line of township 21 intersects said shore; running thence west on the north line of said township 21 to the range line between ranges 22 and 23 east of the meridian aforesaid; thence north on said range line until it strikes the east shore of Green Bay, and thence northeasterly along the shore of said bay to the township line between townships 25 and 26; thence east on said township line to the east boundary line of this state; thence south on said boundary line to a point directly east of the place of beginning; thence west to the place of beginning.

2.01(32)

(32)

 

La Crosse:

Beginning at the point in the western boundary line of this state, in the Mississippi River, where the township line between townships 17 and 18 intersects said boundary line; running thence east on said township line to the main channel of the Black River; thence up the main channel of the Black River to the range line between ranges 6 and 7 west; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 18 and 19; thence east on said township line to the range line between ranges 4 and 5 west of the meridian aforesaid; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 14 and 15; thence west on said township line to the western boundary line of this state, in the Mississippi River; thence northerly up the main channel of said river to the intersection of the center line of the west channel of said river with the center line of the main east channel thereof at a point south of Barron’s Island (also known as Pettibone Park) thence northwesterly up the center line of said west channel and west of said island to the intersection of said center line north of said island and thence northerly up the main channel of said river to the place of beginning.

2.01(33)

(33)

 

Lafayette:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township one, of range one east of the meridian aforesaid, in the boundary line of this state; running thence east on said boundary line to the southeast corner of township one, of range 5 east; thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of section 24, in township 4, of range 5 east; thence on the section line to the northwest corner of section 19, in township 4, of range one east; thence south on the aforesaid principal meridian to the place of beginning.

2.01(34)

(34)

 

Langlade:

Commencing at the southwest corner of township 31, of range 9 east; thence north on the range line to the southwest corner of township 35, of the same range; thence east on the township line to the range line between ranges 12 and 13 east; thence south to the southwest corner of township 34, of range 13 east; thence east to the range line between ranges 14 and 15 east; thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of township 32 of range 15 east; thence east to the northeast corner of section 5, in township 31, of range 15 east; thence south on section lines to the township line between townships 30 and 31; thence west on the township line to the northeast corner of township 30, of range 12 east; thence south to the southeast corner of township 30, of range 12 east; thence west to the southwest corner of township 30, of range 11 east; thence north to the northwest corner of township 30, of range 11 east; thence west to the place of beginning.

2.01(35)

(35)

 

Lincoln:

Commencing at the southwest corner of township 31, range 4 east; thence north on the range line to the southwest corner of township 36, same range; thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of township 36, range 8 east; thence south on the range line to the township line between townships 30 and 31; thence west on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(36)

(36)

 

Manitowoc:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 17, of range 21 east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence on the township line to the eastern boundary of this state in Lake Michigan; thence north along said boundary line to the point where the township line between townships 21 and 22, extended, intersects said boundary line; thence west on said township line to the northwest corner of township 21, of range 22 east; thence south on the range line to the township line between townships 20 and 21; thence west on said township line to the range line between ranges 20 and 21 east; thence south on said range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(37)

(37)

 

Marathon:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 26, of range 2 east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of township 26, of range 10 east; thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of township 30, of range 10 east; thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of township 30, of range 3 east; thence south to the southwest corner of the last-named township; thence west on the township line to the range line between ranges one and 2 east; thence south on said range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(38)

(38)

 

Marinette:

Beginning on the north boundary line of this state, on the range line between ranges 19 and 20 east of the meridian aforesaid; thence southerly along said boundary line to the center of the main channel of Green Bay; thence southerly along the main channel of Green Bay to the range line between ranges 22 and 23; thence north along said range line to the southeast corner of section 12, in township 29, of range 22; thence west along section lines to the southwest corner of section 10, in township 29 of range 21, thence north along section lines to the township line between townships 29 and 30; thence west along the same to the range line between ranges 19 and 20; thence north along the same to the township line between townships 30 and 31; thence west along the same to the range line between ranges 18 and 19; thence north along the same to the township line between townships 31 and 32; thence west along the same to the range line between ranges 17 and 18; thence north along the same to the township line between townships 33 and 34; thence west along the same to the range line between ranges 16 and 17 east; thence north along the same to the township line between townships 37 and 38; thence east on the township line to the range line between ranges 19 and 20 east; thence north along the same to the place of beginning.

2.01(39)

(39)

 

Marquette:

Beginning at the northeast corner of section 3 in township 17, of range 11 east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence south along the east lines of sections 3, 10, 15, 22, 27, and 34 of township 17 of range 11 east and the east lines of sections 3 and 10 of township 16 of range 11 east to the southeast corner of section 10 of township 16, of range 11 east, thence west along the south lines of sections 9 and 10 of township 16 of range 11 east to the north one-quarter corner of section 16 of said last-mentioned township; thence south through the center of sections 16, 21, 28 and 33 to the township line between townships 15 and 16; thence east along said last-mentioned line to the point where the center of the Fox River crosses said township line between sections 4 and 33 of the last named townships; thence southerly and easterly along the center of the Fox River to the point where the center of the said river crosses the east line of section 3 in township 15, range 11 east; thence south on the east lines of sections 3, 10, 15, and 22 of township 15 of range 11 east to Lake Puckaway; thence westerly along the shore of said lake, as meandered by the original government survey, to the east line of section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east; thence westerly to the northeast corner of government lot 5 in section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east; thence southerly and westerly along the easterly line of government lot 5 in section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east to the south line of section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east; thence west on the south line of section 19 in township 15 of range 11 east to the range line between ranges 10 and 11 east; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 13 and 14; thence west on said last-named township line to the southwest corner of township 14, range 8 east; thence north on the range line to the northwest corner of township 17, range 8 east; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(39m)

(39m)

 

Menominee:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 28, range 16 east of said meridian; running thence north on the range line to the correction line between townships 30 and 31; thence west on said correction line to the northeast corner of township 30, range 12 east; thence south on the range line to the township line between townships 28 and 29; thence east on said township line to the range line between ranges 14 and 15 east; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 27 and 28; thence east on said township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(40)

(40)

 

Milwaukee:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 5, of range 21 east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence due east to the boundary line of this state in Lake Michigan; thence northerly on said boundary line to a point in range with the east and west line between townships 8 and 9; thence due west to the northwest corner of township 8 of range 21 east; thence south on the range line to the place of beginning.

2.01(41)

(41)

 

Monroe:

Beginning at the southeast corner of township 15, of range one east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence north on the range line to the township line between townships 19 and 20; thence west on said township line to the center line of the Black River where it intersects with the north line of section 6, township 19 north, range 4 west; thence in a southwesterly direction along said center line of the Black River to its most southerly intersection with the west line of section 15, township 19 north, range 5 west; thence south on the west lines of sections 15, 22, 27, and 34 of township 19 north, range 5 west to the southwest corner of said section 34, being a point on the township line between townships 18 and 19; thence east on said township line to the range line between ranges 4 and 5 west; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 14 and 15; thence east on said township line to the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of section 34, township 15, of range 2 west; thence north to the northwest corner of said southeast quarter of the southwest quarter; thence east one mile to the northeast corner of the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 35, township 15, of range 2 west; thence south to the southeast corner of said southwest quarter of the southwest quarter; thence east on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(42)

(42)

 

Oconto:

Beginning at the quarter-post between section 36, in township 26, of range 18 east of said meridian, and fractional section 31, in township 26, of range 19 east; thence north on the range line to the township line between townships 27 and 28; thence west on said township line to the range line between ranges 16 and 17 east; thence north on said range line to the correction line between townships 30 and 31; thence west on said correction line to the southeast corner of section 32, of township 31, range 15 east; thence north on section lines to the township line between townships 31 and 32; thence west on said township line to the range line between ranges 14 and 15 east; thence north on such range line to the township line between townships 33 and 34; thence east on said township line to the range line between ranges 17 and 18; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 31 and 32; thence east on said township line to the range line between ranges 18 and 19; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 30 and 31; thence east on said township line to the range line between ranges 19 and 20; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 29 and 30; thence east along said township line to the northwest corner of section 3, in township 29, range 21; thence south along section lines to the southwest corner of section 10, of the said township and range; thence east along section lines to the southeast corner of section 12, in township 29, of range 22; thence south along the range line to the center of the main channel of Green Bay; thence southerly along the center of said main channel to the township line between townships 25 and 26; thence west on said township line to the southeast corner of fractional section 31, in township 26, of range 19 east; thence north on the section line to the quarter-post between fractional section 31 and section 32 in township 26, of range 19 east; thence west on the quarter-section lines to the place of beginning.

2.01(43)

(43)

 

Oneida:

Commencing at the southeast corner of township 35 north, of range 11 east; thence north on the range line between ranges 11 and 12 to the southeast corner of township 40, of range 11 east; thence west on the township line between townships 39 and 40 to the northeast corner of township 39, of range 10 east; thence south on the range line between ranges 10 and 11 to the southeast corner of section 13, in said township 39, of range 10 east; thence west on the south lines of sections 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 to the southwest corner of section 18, in the same town and range; thence north on the range line between ranges 9 and 10 east to the northeast corner of township 39, north of range 9 east; thence west on the township line between townships 39 and 40 to the northwest corner of township 39, of range 4 east; thence south on the range line between ranges 3 and 4 to the southwest corner of township 36, of range 4 east; thence east on the township line between townships 35 and 36 to the southeast corner of township 36, of range 8 east; thence south on the range line between ranges 8 and 9 to the southwest corner of township 35, of range 9 east; thence east on the township line between townships 34 and 35 to the place of beginning.

2.01(44)

(44)

 

Outagamie:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 21, of range 15 east of the 4th principal meridian; running thence north on the range line to the northwest corner of township 24, of range 15 east; thence east on the township line to the northeast corner of section 4, in township 24, of range 19 east; thence south on the section lines to the southeast corner of section 33, in township 21, of range 19 east; thence west on the township line to the place of beginning.

2.01(45)

(45)

 

Ozaukee:

Beginning at the southwest corner of township 9, of range 21 east of the meridian aforesaid; running thence north on the range line to the northwest corner of township 12, of range 21 east; thence east on the township line to the eastern boundary line of this state, in Lake Michigan; thence southerly on said boundary line until it intersects a line running due east between townships 8 and 9; thence west on said line to the place of beginning.

2.01(46)

(46)

 

Pepin:

Beginning in the center of the Mississippi River, at the mouth of Rush River; thence running due east to the range line between ranges 14 and 15 west of the meridian aforesaid; thence north on the said range line to the township line between townships 25 and 26; thence east on the township line to the range line between ranges 10 and 11 west; thence south on said range line to the township line between townships 24 and 25; thence west on said township line to the Chippewa River; thence down the center of the main channel of said river to the Mississippi River; thence up the center of the Mississippi River to the place of beginning.

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2023-24 Wisconsin Statutes updated

through 2025 Wis. Act 103 and through all Supreme Court Orders and Controlled Substances Board Orders filed before and in effect on April 3, 2026.

Published and certified under s. 35.18. Changes effective after April 3, 2026, are designated by NOTES.

(Published 4-3-26)

Wis. Stat. § 20.670

20.670 (1) for expenses necessarily incurred by members in attending council meetings.

758.13(2)

(2)

 

Powers and duties.

The council shall:

758.13(2)(a)

(a)

Observe and study the rules of pleading, practice and procedure, and advise the supreme court as to changes which will, in the council’s judgment, simplify procedure and promote a speedy determination of litigation upon its merits.

758.13(2)(b)

(b)

Survey and study the organization, jurisdiction and methods of administration and operation of all the courts of this state.

758.13(2)(d)

(d)

Receive, consider and in its discretion investigate suggestions from any source pertaining to the administration of justice and to make recommendations.

758.13(2)(e)

(e)

Keep advised concerning the decisions of the courts relating to the procedure and practice therein and concerning pending legislation affecting the organization, jurisdiction, operation, procedure and practice of the courts.

758.13(2)(f)

(f)

Recommend to the legislature any changes in the organization, jurisdiction, operation and methods of conducting the business of the courts, including statutes governing pleading, practice, procedure and related matters, which can be put into effect only by legislative action.

758.13(2)(g)

(g)

Recommend to the supreme court, legislature and governor any changes in the organization, operation and methods of conducting the business of the courts that will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the court system and result in cost savings.

758.13(3)

(3)

 

Organization.

758.13(3)(a)

(a)

The council shall elect a chairperson and vice chairperson.

758.13(3)(b)

(b)

The council may promulgate and modify rules for the conduct of its proceedings in the exercise of its powers. The council may meet at such time and place as it determines but at least once every 3 months. It shall meet upon call of the chairperson or a call signed by 5 members of the council. Eleven members shall constitute a quorum.

758.13(3)(c)

(c)

The council may appoint regular and special committees of its members to investigate and report upon any matters relating to its duties. The council or any committee thereof when so authorized by the council is empowered to hold public hearings at such times and places within the state as may be determined. Any member of the council or any committee thereof shall have the power to administer oaths to persons testifying before the council or committee. By subpoena issued over the signature of its chairperson or acting chairperson and served in the manner in which circuit court subpoenas are served, the council or any committee when authorized by the council, may summon and compel the attendance of witnesses. If any witnesses subpoenaed to appear before the council or committee thereof refuse to appear or answer inquiries propounded, the council or committee shall report the facts to the circuit court of Dane County and the court shall compel obedience to the subpoena.

758.13(3)(e)

(e)

The council may call upon any department of the state or any county or municipality thereof or any court for such facilities and data as may be available, and such departments, counties, municipalities and courts shall cooperate with the council to the fullest extent.

758.13(3)(f)

(f)

The council may make such reports as it deems proper or as are requested by the legislature or the supreme court. The council may publish such reports as it considers necessary.

758.13(3)(g)

(g)

758.13(3)(g)1.

1.

In this paragraph:

758.13(3)(g)1.a.

a.

“Candidate” has the meaning given in s.

Wis. Stat. § 23.15

23.15 , after public hearing in the county courthouse of the county in which the lands to be sold are located, following class 2 notices published, under ch. 985 , in the county, and in the official state paper, for the following purposes only:

28.02(4)(b)1.

1.

To a local unit of government when required for a public use.

28.02(4)(b)2.

2.

To others for the purpose of making land adjustments due to occupancy resulting from errors of survey.

28.02(4)(b)3.

3.

To convey good quality, arable land.

28.02(4)(b)4.

4.

To settle land title disputes.

28.02(4)(b)5.

5.

To public utilities, cooperatives organized under ch. 185 to furnish gas, light, heat, power, or water to their members, and to telecommunications cooperatives formed under ch. 185 or 193 when needed for power and telecommunications substations, transformers, booster stations and similar installations.

28.02(4)(b)6.

6.

When no longer needed for conservation purposes.

28.02(5)

(5)

 

Easements.

The department may grant easements for a right-of-way for public or private roads or public utility lines, or for flowage rights where it finds that any such use at the designated location does not conflict with the planned development of the forest. Easements for public roads shall be granted for a nominal sum; in all other cases the appraised value shall be required in payment.

28.02(6)

(6)

 

Certain leases forbidden.

No lease shall hereafter be issued or any existing lease extended or renewed by the department on any unsurveyed and unattached islands in inland lakes north of the township line between townships 33 and 34 north, and granted to the state by an act of congress, approved August 22, 1912, entitled “An act granting unsurveyed and unattached islands to the state of Wisconsin for forestry purposes,” except that the department may extend or renew any such leases in existence June 25, 1925, to public charitable, religious, educational or other associations not organized for profit, and except that the department may extend or renew any such leases in existence June 25, 1925, on islands upon which improvements have been made.

Wis. Stat. § 231.01

231.01

 

Definitions.

In this chapter:

231.01(1m)

(1m)

 

“Affiliate” means an entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another entity.

231.01(1t)

(1t)

 

“Authority” means the Wisconsin Health and Educational Facilities Authority.

231.01(2)

(2)

 

“Bond resolution” means the resolution authorizing the issuance of, or providing terms and conditions related to, bonds issued under this chapter and includes, where appropriate, any trust agreement, trust indenture, indenture of mortgage or deed of trust providing terms and conditions for such bonds.

231.01(3)

(3)

 

“Bonds” means any bond, note or other obligation of the authority issued under this chapter, including any refunding bond.

231.01(4)

(4)

 

231.01(4)(a)

(a)

“Cost” means the sum of all costs incurred by a participating health institution, participating educational institution, participating nonprofit institution, or participating research institution, as approved by the authority, as are reasonable and necessary to accomplish the project, exclusive of any private or federal, state, or local financial assistance received by the participating health institution, participating educational institution, participating nonprofit institution, or participating research institution for the payment of the project cost.

231.01(4)(b)

(b)

“Cost” includes, without limitation because of enumeration:

231.01(4)(b)1.

1.

The cost incurred by or on behalf of the participating health institution, participating educational institution, participating nonprofit institution, or participating research institution of all necessary developmental, planning, and feasibility studies, surveys, plans, and specifications, architectural, engineering, legal, or other special services, the cost of acquisition of land and any buildings and improvements on the land, site preparation, and development including demolition or removal of existing structures, construction, reconstruction, and equipment, including machinery, fixed equipment, and personal property.

231.01(4)(b)2.

2.

The reasonable cost of financing incurred by a participating health institution, participating educational institution, participating nonprofit institution, or participating research institution in the course of the development of the project to the occupancy date.

231.01(4)(b)3.

3.

Carrying charges during construction to the occupancy date.

231.01(4)(b)4.

4.

Interest on bonds issued to finance the project to a date 6 months subsequent to the estimated date of completion.

231.01(4)(b)5.

5.

Working capital not exceeding the amounts permitted under 26 CFR 1.148-6 (d) (3) .

231.01(4)(b)6.

6.

The fees and charges imposed by the authority or by others.

231.01(4)(b)7.

7.

Necessary expenses incurred in connection with the initial occupancy of the project and the cost of other items the authority determines to be reasonable.

231.01(4)(b)8.

8.

A reserve for payment of the principal of and interest on the bonds.

231.01(4)(c)

(c)

All rents and other net revenues from the operation of the real property, improvements, or personal property on the project site by a participating health institution, participating educational institution, participating nonprofit institution, or participating research institution on and after the date on which the contract between a participating health institution, participating educational institution, participating nonprofit institution, or participating research institution and the authority was entered into, but prior to the occupancy date, shall reduce the sum of all costs in this subsection.

231.01(4m)

(4m)

 

“Educational facility” means a facility used for education by a private institution that is described in section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, as defined in s.

Wis. Stat. § 44.02

44.02 (5) in order to defray in whole or in part the costs of operation of such sites.

27.01(2)(e)

(e)

Accept, in the name of the state, grants of land and bequests or donations of money for the state park system.

27.01(2)(f)

(f)

Grant concessions or franchises for the furnishing of supplies or facilities and services on the state parks considered necessary for the proper comfort of the public.

27.01(2)(g)

(g)

Lease parts or parcels of state park land or grant easements thereto.

27.01(2)(h)

(h)

Designate by appropriate name any state park not expressly named by the legislature.

27.01(2)(i)

(i)

Establish and operate in state parks such services and conveniences and install such facilities as will render such parks more attractive for public use and make reasonable charges for the use thereof.

27.01(2)(j)

(j)

Promulgate rules necessary to govern the conduct of state park visitors, and for the protection of state park property, or the use of facilities, including the use of boats and other watercraft on lakes or rivers within the limits of a state park, and the use of roads, trails or bridle paths.

27.01(2)(k)

(k)

Designate parking areas and regulate the use and movement of automobiles or other vehicles in the state parks.

27.01(2)(L)

(L)

Make surveys and investigations of sites considered potentially valuable for state parks.

27.01(2)(m)

(m)

Take such other action as may be deemed advisable for the administration, development, maintenance or protection of the state park system or any part or parts thereof.

27.01(3)

(3)

 

Transfer of state park land to municipalities.

The department may not transfer the ownership of any state park or land within any state park to any county, city, village or town unless it receives the approval of the joint committee on finance regarding the appropriate level of reimbursement to be received by the state to reflect the state’s cost in acquiring and developing the state park or land within the state park.

27.01(4)

(4)

 

Park managers.

Park managers employed by the department shall have all the powers of state fire wardens as provided in ch. 26 , and such powers shall apply to state parks.

27.01(5)

(5)

 

Roadside parks.

All areas designated as roadside parks shall be a part of the state park system. Roadside parks will consist of naturally attractive parcels of land, 5 acres or more in size, immediately contiguous to a state trunk highway. Each such area shall carry a distinctive name and shall be managed and developed as a part of the state park system.

27.01(6)

(6)

 

Names.

The state parks shall be designated as follows:

27.01(6)(a)

(a)

The state park in the town of St. Croix Falls, Polk County, as “Interstate Park”.

27.01(6)(b)

(b)

The state park in the town of Gibraltar, Door County, as “Peninsula State Park”.

27.01(6)(c)

(c)

The state park in the town of Nasewaupee, Door County, as “Potawatomi State Park”.

27.01(6)(d)

(d)

The state park in the town of Wyalusing, Grant County, as “Wyalusing State Park”.

27.01(6)(e)

(e)

The state park in the town of Baraboo, Sauk County, as “Devil’s Lake State Park”.

27.01(6)(f)

(f)

The state park in the town of Morse, Ashland County, as “Copper Falls State Park”.

27.01(6)(g)

(g)

The state park in the town of Cassville, Grant County, as “Nelson Dewey State Park”.

27.01(6)(h)

(h)

The state park in the town of Rib Mountain, Marathon County, as “Rib Mountain State Park”.

27.01(6)(i)

(i)

The state park in the town of Trempealeau, Trempealeau County, as “Perrot State Park”.

27.01(6)(j)

(j)

The state park in the town of Wilson, Sheboygan County, as “Terry Andrae State Park”.

27.01(6)(k)

(k)

The state park in the town of Wyoming, Iowa County, as “Tower Hill State Park”.

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2023-24 Wisconsin Statutes updated

through 2025 Wis. Act 103 and through all Supreme Court Orders and Controlled Substances Board Orders filed before and in effect on April 3, 2026.

Published and certified under s. 35.18. Changes effective after April 3, 2026, are designated by NOTES.

(Published 4-3-26)

Wis. Stat. 443.01

443.01 Definitions. In this chapter, unless the context provides otherwise: (1) “Architect” means a person who is legally qualified to practice architecture. (1m) “Construction surveying” means surveying or mapping that is performed in support of infrastructure design, in support of improvements related to private and public boundary lines, or in support of construction layout or historic preservation, and establishing any postconstruction documentation related to that surveying or mapping. (2) “Engineer-in-training” means a person who is a graduate in an engineering curriculum of 4 years or more from a school or college approved by the professional engineer section of the examining board as of satisfactory standing, or a person who has had 4 years or more of experience in engineering work of a character satisfactory to the professional engineer section; and who, in addition, has successfully passed the examination in the fundamental engineering subjects prior to the completion of the requisite years in engineering work, as provided in s. 443.05, and who has been granted a certificate of record by the professional engineer section stating that the person has successfully passed this portion of the professional examinations. (3) “Examining board” means the examining board of architects, landscape architects, professional engineers, designers, professional land surveyors, and registered interior designers. (3b) “Geodetic surveying” means surveying to determine the size and shape of the earth or the precise positions of points on the surface of the earth. (3c) “Interior alteration or interior construction project” means a project for an interior space or area within a proposed or existing building or structure, including construction, modification, renovation, rehabilitation, or historic preservation, that involves changing or altering any of the following: (a) The design function or layout of rooms. (b) The state of permanent fixtures or equipment. (c) The interior space or area if the change or alteration requires verification of the compliance of the interior space or area with a building code, fire code, the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, or state or local regulations. (d) Interior furnishings. (e) Nonstructural elements of the interior space or area. (3e) “Interior technical submission” means a design, drawing, specification, study, or other technical report or calculation that establishes the scope of an interior design project, including a description of standards of quality for materials, skilled labor, equipment, and construction systems, and that may be signed and sealed by a Wisconsin registered interior designer in compliance with this chapter. (3g) “Landscape architect” means a person who practices landscape architecture. (3r) “Landscape architecture” means the performance of a professional service involving conceptual land planning and conceptual design for integrated land development based on the analysis of environmental characteristics, operational requirements, land use or commensurate land values. “Landscape architecture” includes the investigation, selection or allocation of land or water resources for appropriate uses; the formulation of graphic or written criteria for a land planning or land construction program; the preparation, review or analysis of a master plan for land use or development; the production of a graphic land area, grading, drainage, planting or land construction plan; and the planning of a road, bridge or other structure with respect to the aesthetic requirements of the area on which it will be constructed, except that “landscape architecture” does not include any of the following: (a) Professional services performed by a registered architect or by a person who has in effect a permit under s. 443.10 (1) (d). (b) Professional services performed by a professional engineer or by a person who has in effect a permit under s. 443.10 (1) (d). (c) Professional services performed by a professional land surveyor. (d) The practice of planning as is customarily done by a regional, park, or urban planner, or by a person participating on a planning board or commission, within the scope of that practice. (e) The practice of a natural resource professional, including a biologist, professional geologist, as defined in s. 470.01 (5), or professional soil scientist, as defined in s. 470.01 (7). (f) The actions of a person who is under the supervision of a licensed landscape architect or an employee of a licensed landscape architect, unless the person assumes responsible charge, design, or supervision. (g) Work performed on property by an individual who owns or has control over the property, or work performed by a person hired by an individual who owns or has control of the property. (h) Making plans or drawings for the selection, placement, or use of plants or site features. (5) “Practice of architecture” includes any professional service, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, architectural and structural design, or responsible supervision of construction, in connection with the construction of any private or public buildings, structures, projects, or the equipment thereof, or addition to or alterations thereof, in which the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health or property is concerned or involved. (5m) (a) “Practice of interior design” means the design of interior spaces as a part of an interior alteration or interior construction project in conformity with public health, safety, and welfare requirements, including the preparation of documents relating to building code descriptions, project egress plans that require no increase in the number of exits in the space affected, space planning, finish materials, furnishings, fixtures, and equipment and the preparation of documents and interior technical submissions relating to interior construction. (b) “Practice of interior design” does not include any of the following: 1. Services that constitute the practice of architecture or the practice of professional engineering. 2. Altering or affecting the structural system of a building, including changing the building’s live or dead load on the structural system. 3. Changes to the building envelope, including exterior walls, exterior wall coverings, exterior wall openings, exterior windows and doors, architectural trim, balconies and similar projections, bay and oriel windows, roof assemblies and rooftop structures, and glass and glazing for exterior use in both vertical and sloped applications in buildings and structures. 4. Altering or affecting the mechanical, plumbing, heating, air conditioning, ventilation, electrical, vertical transportation, fire sprinkler, or fire alarm systems. 5. Changes beyond the exit access component of a means of egress system. 6. Construction that materially affects life safety systems pertaining to fire safety or the fire protection of structural elements, or alterations to smoke evacuation and compartmentalization systems or to fire-rated vertical shafts in multistory structures. 7. Changes of use to an occupancy of greater hazard as determined by the International Building Code. 8. Changes to the construction classification of the building or structure according to the International Building Code. (6) “Practice of professional engineering” includes any professional service requiring the application of engineering principles and data, in which the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health or property is concerned and involved, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, or responsible supervision of construction, alteration, or operation, in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, projects, bridges, plants and buildings, machines, equipment, processes and works. A person offers to practice professional engineering if the person by verbal claim, sign, advertisement, letterhead, card or in any other way represents himself or herself to be a professional engineer; or who through the use of some other title implies that he or she is a professional engineer; or who holds himself or herself out as able to practice professional engineering. (6s) “Practice of professional land surveying” means any of the following: (a) Any service comprising the establishment or reestablishment of the boundaries of one or more tracts of land or the boundaries of any of the following interests in real property: 1. The rights-of-way of roads or streets. 2. Air or subsurface property rights. 3. Public or private easements. (b) Designing or coordinating designs for the purpose of platting or subdividing land into smaller tracts. (c) Placing, replacing, restoring, or perpetuating monuments in or on the ground to evidence the location of a point that is necessary to establish boundaries of one or more tracts of land or the subdivision or consolidation of one or more tracts of land or to describe the boundaries of any interest in real property identified in par. (a). (d) Preparing maps that depict any interest in real property identified in par. (a) for the purpose of establishing the boundaries of any such interest in real property. (e) Preparing any of the following: 1. An official map established or amended under s. 62.23 (6), established or amended under the authority of s. 61.35, or adopted under s. 60.61. 2. An assessor’s plat under s. 70.27. 3. A map or plat of cemetery lands under s. 157.07. 4. A subdivision plat, certified survey map, or correction instrument under ch. 236. 5. A condominium plat or correction instrument under ch. 703. 6. A project and time-share property plat under s. 707.215. (f) Performing construction surveying or geodetic surveying in connection with any of the practices specified in pars. (a) to (e). (7) “Professional engineer” means a person who by reason of his or her knowledge of mathematics, the physical sciences and the principles of engineering, acquired by professional education and practical experience, is qualified to engage in engineering practice as defined in sub. (6). (7m) “Professional land surveyor” means a person who, by reason of his or her knowledge of law, mathematics, physical sciences, and measurement techniques, acquired by education and practical experience, is granted a license under this chapter to engage in the practice of professional land surveying. (8) “Responsible supervision of construction” means a professional service, as distinguished from superintending of construction, and means the performance, or the supervision thereof, of reasonable and ordinary on-site observations to determine that the construction is in substantial compliance with the approved drawings, plans and specifications. (9) “Wisconsin registered interior designer” means a person registered as a Wisconsin registered interior designer under this chapter. History: 1971 c. 42, 215, 307; 1975 c. 9, 39, 199, 200, 334, 421; 1977 c. 29, 125, 418; 1979 c. 34, 98; 1979 c. 162 s. 38 (7); 1979 c. 167; 1979 c. 221 s. 780; 1979 c. 355; 1983 a. 189 ss. 274, 329 (18); 1993 a. 463, 465, 491; 1997 a. 300; 2009 a. 123; 2011 a. 146; 2013 a. 358; 2021 a. 195. Discussing the duties of county surveyors and other land surveyors and minimum standards for property surveys. 69 Atty. Gen. 160.

Wis. Stat. 443.02

443.02 Practice requirements and registration: general provisions. (1) Any person practicing or offering to practice architecture or professional engineering in this state shall comply with this chapter. (2) No person may practice architecture, landscape architecture, or professional engineering in this state unless the person has been duly registered, is exempt under s. 443.14 or has in effect a permit under s. 443.10 (1) (d). (3) Except as provided under s. 443.015 (1m) (c), no person may offer to practice architecture, landscape architecture, or professional engineering or use in connection with the person’s name or otherwise assume, use or advertise any title or description tending to convey the impression that he or she is an architect, landscape architect, or professional engineer or advertise to furnish architectural, landscape architectural, or professional engineering services unless the person has been duly registered or has in effect a permit under s. 443.10 (1) (d). (4) Except as provided under s. 443.015 (1m) (c), no person may engage in or offer to engage in the practice of professional land surveying in this state or use or advertise any title or description tending to convey the impression that the person is a professional land surveyor unless the person has been granted a license under this chapter to engage in the practice of professional land surveying. (5) No person may use the title “Wisconsin registered interior designer,” use any title or description that implies that he or she is a Wisconsin registered interior designer, or represent himself or herself to be a Wisconsin registered interior designer unless the person is registered as a Wisconsin registered interior designer under this chapter. History: 1971 c. 164 s. 88; 1971 c. 215; 1975 c. 39; 1977 c. 29, 418; 1979 c. 34, 167, 355; 1993 a. 463, 465; 1997 a. 300; 1999 a. 85; 2009 a. 123; 2013 a. 358; 2019 a. 94; 2021 a. 195.

Wis. Stat. § 443.05

443.05 , and who has been granted a certificate of record by the professional engineer section stating that the person has successfully passed this portion of the professional examinations.

443.01(3)

(3)

 

“Examining board” means the examining board of architects, landscape architects, professional engineers, designers, professional land surveyors, and registered interior designers.

443.01(3b)

(3b)

 

“Geodetic surveying” means surveying to determine the size and shape of the earth or the precise positions of points on the surface of the earth.

443.01(3c)

(3c)

 

“Interior alteration or interior construction project” means a project for an interior space or area within a proposed or existing building or structure, including construction, modification, renovation, rehabilitation, or historic preservation, that involves changing or altering any of the following:

443.01(3c)(a)

(a)

The design function or layout of rooms.

443.01(3c)(b)

(b)

The state of permanent fixtures or equipment.

443.01(3c)(c)

(c)

The interior space or area if the change or alteration requires verification of the compliance of the interior space or area with a building code, fire code, the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, or state or local regulations.

443.01(3c)(d)

(d)

Interior furnishings.

443.01(3c)(e)

(e)

Nonstructural elements of the interior space or area.

443.01(3e)

(3e)

 

“Interior technical submission” means a design, drawing, specification, study, or other technical report or calculation that establishes the scope of an interior design project, including a description of standards of quality for materials, skilled labor, equipment, and construction systems, and that may be signed and sealed by a Wisconsin registered interior designer in compliance with this chapter.

443.01(3g)

(3g)

 

“Landscape architect” means a person who practices landscape architecture.

443.01(3r)

(3r)

 

“Landscape architecture” means the performance of a professional service involving conceptual land planning and conceptual design for integrated land development based on the analysis of environmental characteristics, operational requirements, land use or commensurate land values. “Landscape architecture” includes the investigation, selection or allocation of land or water resources for appropriate uses; the formulation of graphic or written criteria for a land planning or land construction program; the preparation, review or analysis of a master plan for land use or development; the production of a graphic land area, grading, drainage, planting or land construction plan; and the planning of a road, bridge or other structure with respect to the aesthetic requirements of the area on which it will be constructed, except that “landscape architecture” does not include any of the following:

443.01(3r)(a)

(a)

Professional services performed by a registered architect or by a person who has in effect a permit under s.

Wis. Stat. 443.06

443.06 Licensure requirements for professional land surveyors. (1) Licensure, application, qualifying experience. (a) Application for a license to engage in the practice of professional land surveying shall be made to the professional land surveyor section of the examining board under oath, on forms provided by the department, which shall require the applicant to submit such information as the professional land surveyor section deems necessary. The professional land surveyor section may require applicants to pass written or oral examinations or both. Applicants who do not have an arrest or conviction record, subject to ss. 111.321, 111.322, and 111.335, shall be entitled to be granted a license to engage in the practice of professional land surveying when satisfactory evidence is submitted that the applicant has met one or more of the requirements of sub. (2). (b) Each year, but not more than 4 years, of work or training completed in a curriculum in the practice of professional land surveying approved by the professional land surveyor section, or of responsible charge of teaching the practice of professional land surveying may be considered as equivalent to one year of qualifying experience in the practice of professional land surveying, and each year, but not more than 4 years, completed in a curriculum other than the practice of professional land surveying approved by the professional land surveyor section, may be considered as equivalent to one-half year of qualifying experience. (2) Requirements; license. The professional land surveyor section may grant a license to engage in the practice of professional land surveying to any person who has submitted to it an application, the required fees, and one or more of the following: (am) Evidence satisfactory to the professional land surveyor section that he or she has received a bachelor’s degree in a course in the practice of professional land surveying or a related field that has a duration of not less than 4 years and is approved by the professional land surveyor section, and that he or she has engaged in the practice of professional land surveying for at least 2 years and has demonstrated practice of satisfactory character that indicates that the applicant is competent to engage in the practice of professional land surveying, if the applicant has passed an oral and written or written examination administered by the professional land surveyor section. (bm) Evidence satisfactory to the professional land surveyor section that he or she has received an associate degree in a course in the practice of professional land surveying or a related field that has a duration of not less than 2 years and is approved by the professional land surveyor section, and that he or she has engaged in the practice of professional land surveying for at least 4 years and has demonstrated practice of satisfactory character that indicates that the applicant is competent to engage in the practice of professional land surveying, if the applicant has passed an oral and written or written examination administered by the professional land surveyor section. (cm) Evidence satisfactory to the professional land surveyor section that he or she has engaged in the practice of professional land surveying for at least 10 years and has demonstrated practice of satisfactory character that indicates that the applicant is competent to engage in the practice of professional land surveying, if the applicant has passed an oral and written or written examination administered by the professional land surveyor section. This paragraph applies to applications for licenses to engage in the practice of professional land surveying that are submitted to the professional land surveyor section after June 30, 2000 and before July 1, 2019. (d) An unexpired certificate of registration, certificate of certification, or license as a land surveyor or to engage in the practice of professional land surveying issued to the applicant by the proper authority in any state or territory or possession of the United States or in any other country whose requirements meet or exceed the requirement for licensure in this subsection, if the applicant has passed an oral and written or written examination administered by the professional land surveyor section. History: 1979 c. 167; 1981 c. 380; 1981 c. 391 s. 211; 1987 a. 27; 1993 a. 462; 1995 a. 27 s. 9130 (4); 1997 a. 3, 27; 2011 a. 146; 2013 a. 358.

Wis. Stat. 443.10

443.10 Applications, certificates, licenses, rules, and roster. (1) Certificate of registration or record; permit; reciprocity provisions. (a) The appropriate section of the examining board may, upon application and the payment of the required fee, grant a certificate of registration as an architect, as a landscape architect, or as a professional engineer to any person who holds an unexpired certificate of similar registration issued to the person by the proper authority in any state or territory or possession of the United States or in any country in which the requirements for the registration of architects, landscape architects, or professional engineers are of a standard not lower than specified in this chapter. (b) The appropriate section of the examining board may, upon application and payment of the required fee, grant a certificate of registration as an architect, as a landscape architect, or as a professional engineer to any person who holds an unrevoked card or certificate of national reciprocal registration, issued by any state, territory, or possession of the United States or by any country, which is in conformity with the regulations of the national council of state board of architectural, or engineering examiners, or council of landscape architectural registration boards, and who complies with the regulations of the appropriate section, except as to qualifications and registration fee. (c) The professional engineer section of the examining board may, upon application therefor, and the payment of the required fee, grant a certificate-of-record as engineer-in-training to any person who holds an unexpired certificate of similar certification issued to the person by the proper authority in any state or territory or possession of the United States or in any country in which the requirements for the certification of engineers-in-training are of a standard not lower than specified in this chapter. (d) The appropriate section of the examining board may, upon application and payment of the required fee, grant a permit to practice or to offer to practice architecture, landscape architecture, or professional engineering to a person who is not a resident of and has no established place of business in this state, or who has recently become a resident of this state, if the person holds an unexpired certificate of similar registration issued to the person by the proper authority in any state or territory or possession of the United States or in any country in which the requirements for the registration of architects, landscape architects, or professional engineers are of a standard not lower than specified in this chapter. (e) The registered interior designer section may, upon application and payment of the required fee, grant a certificate of registration to use the title “Wisconsin registered interior designer” to a person who is not a resident of and has no established place of business in this state, or who has recently become a resident of this state, if the person holds an unexpired certificate of similar registration issued to the person by the proper authority in any state or territory or possession of the United States or in any country in which the requirements for the registration of interior designers are of a standard not lower than specified in this chapter. (2) Applications for registration, fees, contents of certification, expiration. (a) Applications for registration or for a certificate of record shall be on forms provided by the department and shall contain statements made under oath showing the applicant’s education and detail summary of the applicant’s technical work and not less than 5 references, of whom 3 or more shall have personal knowledge of the applicant’s architectural, landscape architectural or engineering experience in the case of an application for registration or of the applicant’s technical education or engineering work in the case of an application for a certificate of record. This paragraph does not apply to an application for registration as a Wisconsin registered interior designer. (b) The fees for examinations and credentials, as defined in s. 440.01 (2) (a), granted under this chapter are specified in s. 440.05, and the fee for renewal of such credentials is determined by the department under s. 440.03 (9) (a). (c) The appropriate section of the examining board shall grant a certificate of registration upon payment of the registration fee to any applicant who, in the opinion of the appropriate section, has satisfactorily met all the applicable requirements of this chapter. The certificate shall authorize the practice of architecture, landscape architecture, or professional engineering, as appropriate. (d) The granting of a certificate of registration by the appropriate section of the examining board shall be evidence that the person named in the certificate is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a registered architect, a registered landscape architect, or a registered professional engineer under the classification stated on the certificate, while the certificate remains unrevoked or unexpired. (e) The renewal date for certificates of registration for architects, landscape architects, professional engineers, and Wisconsin registered interior designers is specified under s. 440.08 (2) (a), and the fee for renewal of such certificates is determined by the department under s. 440.03 (9) (a). (f) The professional engineer section of the examining board shall grant a certificate of record as engineer-in-training to any applicant who, in the opinion of the professional engineer section, has satisfactorily met all the requirements of this section pertaining to engineers-in-training. (g) A certificate of record as engineer-in-training is evidence that the engineer-in-training to whom it is issued has successfully passed the portion of the examinations in the fundamental engineering subjects required of an applicant for registration as a professional engineer. (h) Certificates of record as engineers-in-training shall expire on July 31st of the 10th year after their issuance unless extended by the professional engineer section of the examining board. An application for extension shall contain evidence satisfactory to the professional engineer section that the applicant’s professional experience has been delayed. (3) Emergency rules; limitation. No section of the examining board may adopt or change, by emergency rule, any requirement for the registration of or issuance of a permit to any applicant under this chapter. (4) Roster; records. (a) A list, showing the names and addresses of all engineers-in-training certified by the professional engineer section of the examining board during the period from July 1 to June 30, shall be prepared each year by the professional engineer section. The list shall be obtainable by purchase at cost. (am) The registered interior designer section of the examining board shall prepare each year a list showing the names and business addresses of all persons registered as a Wisconsin registered interior designer under this chapter. Upon request, the registered interior designer section shall provide a list prepared under this paragraph to any person at cost. (b) Each section of the examining board shall keep a record of its proceedings together with a record of all other information pertaining to its proceedings as may be deemed necessary by that section of the examining board. The records of each section of the examining board shall be prima facie evidence of the proceedings of that section of the examining board set forth in the records, and a transcript thereof, duly certified by the secretary of that section of the examining board under seal, shall be admissible in evidence with the same effect as if the original were produced. (5) Fees; renewals. The professional land surveyor section shall grant a license to engage in the practice of professional land surveying to any applicant who has met the applicable requirements of this chapter. The renewal date for the license is specified under s. 440.08 (2) (a), and the renewal fee for the license is determined by the department under s. 440.03 (9) (a). (6) Roster. A roster showing the names and mailing addresses of all registered surveyors shall be prepared annually by the secretary and made available for purchase at cost, and a copy shall be placed on file with the department of financial institutions. History: 1979 c. 167 ss. 9, 10, 23, 24, 41, 42, 53; 1979 c. 221 s. 780; 1979 c. 355; 1981 c. 3; 1987 a. 27; 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 463, 465, 491; 1995 a. 27; 1997 a. 27, 300; 2007 a. 20; 2009 a. 123; 2011 a. 146; 2013 a. 358; 2021 a. 195. The Examining Board of Architects, Professional Engineers, Designers and Land Surveyors lacks the power to adopt a rule prohibiting competitive bidding on projects by architects, engineers, designers, or surveyors. 61 Atty. Gen. 369.

Wis. Stat. 443.12

443.12 Disciplinary proceedings against professional land surveyors. (1) The professional land surveyor section may reprimand a professional land surveyor, or limit, suspend, or revoke the license of any professional land surveyor, for the practice of any fraud or deceit in obtaining the license, or any gross negligence, incompetence, or misconduct in the practice of professional land surveying. (2) Charges of fraud, deceit, gross negligence, incompetence, or misconduct may be made against any professional land surveyor by the professional land surveyor section or any person. Such charges may be made on information and belief, but shall be in writing, stating the specific acts, be signed by the complainant and be submitted to the examining board. All charges shall be heard according to the rules promulgated under s. 440.03 (1). (3) If after a hearing 3 members vote in favor of reprimand or limiting, suspending, or revoking the license of a professional land surveyor, the professional land surveyor section shall notify the surveyor to that effect. The surveyor shall return the license to the examining board immediately on receipt of notice of a revocation. The action of the professional land surveyor section may be reviewed under ch. 227. (4) The professional land surveyor section, for reasons it deems sufficient, may reinstate a license to engage in the practice of professional land surveying that has been revoked, if 3 members vote in favor of such reinstatement. This subsection does not apply to a license that is revoked under s. 440.12. History: 1979 c. 167, 357; 1997 a. 237; 2013 a. 358.

Wis. Stat. 443.134

443.134 Exception for photogrammetry and construction surveying. Nothing in this chapter may be construed to prohibit a person who has not been granted a license to engage in the practice of professional land surveying under this chapter from utilizing photogrammetry or remote sensing techniques or performing topographic surveying, construction surveying, or geodetic surveying for purposes other than a boundary establishment or reestablishment specified in s. 443.01 (6s). History: 1979 c. 167; 1981 c. 334 s. 25 (1); 2011 a. 146; 2013 a. 358.

Wis. Stat. 443.14

443.14 Exempt persons. The following persons, while practicing within the scope of their respective exemptions, shall be exempt from this chapter: (1) (a) An employee of a person holding a certificate of registration in architecture under s. 443.10 who is engaged in the practice of architecture and an employee of a person temporarily exempted from registration in architecture under this section, if the practice of the employee does not include responsible charge of architecture practice. (b) An employee of a person holding a certificate of registration in professional engineering under s. 443.10 who is engaged in the practice of professional engineering and an employee of a person temporarily exempted from registration in professional engineering under this section, if the practice of the employee does not include responsible charge of professional engineering practice. (2) Officers and employees of the federal government while engaged within this state in the practice of architecture, landscape architecture or professional engineering for the federal government. (3) A public service company and its regular employees acting in its behalf where the professional engineering services rendered are in connection with its facilities which are subject to regulation, supervision and control by a commission of this state or of the federal government. (4) (a) Any person who practices architecture, exclusively as a regular employee of a private company or corporation, by rendering to the company or corporation architectural services in connection with its operations, so long as the person is thus actually and exclusively employed and no longer, if the company or corporation has at least one architect who is registered under this chapter in responsible charge of the company’s or corporation’s architectural work in this state. (b) Any person who practices professional engineering, exclusively as a regular employee of a private company or corporation, by rendering to the company or corporation professional engineering services in connection with its operations, so long as the person is thus actually and exclusively employed and no longer, if the company or corporation has at least one professional engineer who is registered under this chapter in responsible charge of the company’s or corporation’s professional engineering work in this state. (5) A person engaged in the manufacture of a product or unit, including laboratory research affiliates of the person, where the services performed are the design, assembly, manufacture, sale or installation of that product or unit. “Product or unit” does not include any building. (6) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, contractors, subcontractors or construction material or equipment suppliers are not required to register under this chapter to perform or undertake those activities which historically and customarily have been performed by them in their respective trades and specialties, including, but not limited to, the preparation and use of drawings, specifications or layouts within a construction firm or in construction operations, superintending of construction, installation and alteration of equipment, cost estimating, consultation with architects, professional engineers or owners concerning materials, equipment, methods and techniques, and investigations or consultation with respect to construction sites, provided all such activities are performed solely with respect to the performance of their work on buildings or with respect to supplies or materials furnished by them for buildings or structures or their appurtenances which are, or which are to be, erected, enlarged or materially altered in accordance with plans and specifications prepared by architects or professional engineers, or by persons exempt under subs. (1) to (5) while practicing within the scope of their exemption. (7) This chapter does not require manufacturers or their material or equipment suppliers to register under this chapter in order to enable them to perform engineering in the design, assembly, manufacture, sale or installation of their respective products. (8) An employee of a professional land surveyor, while doing surveying work under the supervision of the employer, if the employee is not in responsible charge of the practice of professional land surveying. (8m) (a) Subject to par. (b), an employee or contractor of any of the following while engaged in land surveying is exempt from the provisions of this chapter: 1. The provider of a broadcast service, as defined in s. 196.01 (1m). 2. The provider of a cable service, as defined in s. 196.01 (1p). 3. A commercial mobile radio service provider, as defined in s. 196.01 (2g). 4. A public utility, as defined in s. 196.01 (5). 5. A telecommunications provider, as defined in s. 196.01 (8p). 6. A video service provider, as defined in s. 196.01 (12r). 7. A cooperative association organized under ch. 185 for the purpose of producing or furnishing heat, light, power, or water to its members only. (b) The exemption under par. (a) applies only if the employee or contractor is engaged in services described in s. 443.01 (6s) (a) 3., (c), (d), or (f) for or on behalf of the provider or cooperative. (9) A license shall not be required for an owner to survey his or her own land for purposes other than for sale. (10) Any person employed by a county or this state who is engaged in the planning, design, installation or regulation of land and water conservation activities under ch. 92 or s. 281.65 and who is certified under s. 92.18. (11) Any professional land surveyor licensed under s. 443.06 who is engaged in the planning, design, installation, or regulation of land and water conservation activities under ch. 92 or s. 281.65. (12m) A driller who is licensed under s. 280.15 (2m), or an employee of a drilling business that is registered under s. 280.15 (1), who is engaged in well drilling, as defined in s. 280.01 (8), or heat exchange drilling, as defined in s. 280.01 (2c). (13) A professional engineer who, while engaged in the practice of professional engineering in accordance with this chapter, collects, investigates, interprets or evaluates data relating to soil, rock, groundwater, surface water, gases or other earth conditions, or uses that data for analysis, consultation, planning, design or construction. (14) A person who, while engaged in the practice of professional geology, hydrology or soil science as defined in s. 470.01 (2), (3) or (4), practices professional engineering, if the acts that involve the practice of professional engineering are also part of the practice of professional geology, hydrology or soil science. (15) A person employed by the federal government who is engaged in this state in the practice of landscape architecture for the federal government. (16) A person who performs services related to natural resources management if any map that is prepared as a part of those services contains the following statement: “This map is not a survey of the actual boundary of any property this map depicts.” In this subsection, “natural resources management” includes all of the following: (a) The management of state lands under ss. 23.09, 23.11, 27.01, and 28.04. (b) The control of invasive species, as defined in s. 23.22 (1) (c). (c) The cultivation or harvesting of raw forest products, as defined in s. 26.05 (1). (d) The management of county forests under s. 28.11. (e) The practice of forestry, as defined in s. 77.81 (2), including sustainable forestry, as defined in s. 28.04 (1) (e); any services provided in connection with an order, or the preparation of an application for an order, under subch. I or VI of ch. 77; and any forestry operation, as defined in s. 823.075 (1) (c). (17) A person who prepares a map that depicts temporary trails, easements, or other uses of lands if the map contains the following statement: “This map is not a survey of the actual boundary of any property this map depicts.” (18) An employee or agent of the department of natural resources, department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection, department of transportation, public service commission, board of commissioners of public lands, or department of military affairs who creates a geographic information systems map if done within the scope of his or her employment or agency. History: 1979 c. 167 ss. 5, 21, 40, 48; 1979 c. 355; 1983 a. 189 s. 329 (18); 1991 a. 309; 1993 a. 463, 465, 491; 1995 a. 227; 1997 a. 27, 300; 2005 a. 360; 2009 a. 123; 2011 a. 146, 150; 2013 a. 358.

Wis. Stat. 443.18

443.18 Penalties; law enforcement. (1) Unauthorized practice; penalty. (a) Any person who practices or offers to practice architecture, landscape architecture, or professional engineering in this state, or who uses the term “architect,” “landscape architect,” or “professional engineer” as part of the person’s business name or title, except as provided in s. 443.08 (6), or in any way represents himself or herself as an architect, landscape architect, or a professional engineer unless the person is registered or exempted in accordance with this chapter, or unless the person is the holder of an unexpired permit issued under s. 443.10 (1) (d), or any person presenting or attempting to use as his or her own the certificate of registration of another, or any person who gives any false or forged evidence of any kind to the examining board or to any section of the examining board or to any member of the examining board or to any member of any section of the examining board in obtaining a certificate of registration, or any person who falsely impersonates any other registrant of like or different name, or any person who attempts to use an expired or revoked certificate of registration, or violates any of the provisions of this section, may be fined not less than $100 nor more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 3 months or both. (b) All duly constituted officers of the law of this state or any political subdivision shall enforce this chapter and prosecute any persons violating this chapter. (2) Injunction. (a) If it appears upon complaint to the examining board or to any section of the examining board by any person, or is known to the examining board or to any section of the examining board that any person who is neither registered nor exempt under this chapter nor the holder of an unexpired permit under s. 443.10 (1) (d) is practicing or offering to practice, or is about to practice or to offer to practice, architecture, landscape architecture, or professional engineering in this state, the appropriate section of the examining board or the attorney general or the district attorney of the proper county may investigate and may, in addition to any other remedies, bring action in the name and on behalf of this state against any such person to enjoin the person from practicing or offering to practice architecture, landscape architecture, or professional engineering. (b) If it appears upon complaint to the examining board by any person, or is known to the examining board that any person who does not have a license to engage in the practice of professional land surveying in this state, or who is not exempt or excepted from the licensure requirements under this chapter, is engaging in or offering to engage in the practice of professional land surveying in this state, the professional land surveyor section, the examining board, the department, the department of justice, or the district attorney of the proper county may investigate and may, in addition to any other remedies, bring action in the name and on behalf of the state to enjoin the person from engaging in or offering to engage in the practice of professional land surveying. (3) Penalties; law enforcement. Any person who violates this chapter shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than 3 months or both. History: 1979 c. 167 ss. 27, 28, 45, 46; 1981 c. 20; 1993 a. 463, 465, 491; 1997 a. 300; 1995 a. 85; 2009 a. 123; 2011 a. 146; 2013 a. 358.

Wis. Stat. 443.20

443.20 Indemnification in civil contracts. (1) In this section: (a) “Civil contract” means any contractual agreement between the state or a political subdivision and a private entity. (b) “Design professional” means any of the following: 1. Architect. 2. Engineer-in-training. 3. Landscape architect. 4. Professional engineer. 5. Professional land surveyor. 6. Wisconsin registered interior designer. (c) “Design professional services” means any service performed by a design professional and services performed by others that arise out of or are related to services performed by a design professional, including the following: 1. Studies. 2. Planning. 3. Surveys. 4. Project management. 5. Traffic management. 6. Preparatory work. (2) Notwithstanding s. 895.447, any provision of a civil contract containing any of the following, explicitly or in effect, is void and unenforceable: (a) A provision requiring a private entity performing design professional services to indemnify the state or any political subdivision, except as provided in sub. (3) (a). (b) A provision requiring a private entity performing design professional services to defend the state or any political subdivision in any legal action. (3) The limitations under sub. (2) (a) do not apply to any of the following: (a) Indemnification provisions in any civil contract in which a private entity’s indemnification obligation is limited to losses proximately caused by the negligent performance of design professional services by the private entity and does not exceed the proportion of a loss caused by the negligent performance. (b) Provisions required to be included in the state’s or a political subdivision’s contracts with the federal government to the extent the provisions conflict with sub. (2). (c) A provision in a civil design contract that requires a private entity to indemnify the state or any political subdivision for damages caused by the private entity’s acts or omissions if the acts or omissions involve reckless, wanton, or intentional misconduct. (4) Nothing in this section may be construed as a waiver of any immunity or other limitation of liability described in this chapter or ch. 893 or 895. (5) Nothing in this section may be construed to prohibit the state or any political subdivision from requiring a private entity to provide proof of liability insurance as a condition of contract. History: 2023 a. 211.

Wis. Stat. § 82.01

82.01

 

Definitions.

In this chapter, the following words and phrases have the designated meanings unless specifically noted:

82.01(1)

(1)

 

“Department” means the department of transportation.

82.01(2)

(2)

 

“Freeholder” means a person who owns a fee simple or life estate interest in land, a person who is a land contract vendee, or a person who has an interest in land arising under ch. 766 .

82.01(3)

(3)

 

“Highway order” means an order laying out, altering, or discontinuing a highway or a part of a highway, that contains a legal description of what the order intends to accomplish and a scale map of the land affected by the order.

82.01(4)

(4)

 

“Laid out” means any formal act or process by which a municipality determines the location of a highway.

82.01(5)

(5)

 

“Legal description” means a complete description of land without internal references to any other document, and shall be described in one of the following ways:

82.01(5)(a)

(a)

By metes and bounds commencing at a monument at the section or quarter section corner or at the end of a boundary line of a recorded private claim or federal reservation in which the annexed land is located and in one of the following ways:

82.01(5)(a)1.

1.

By government lot.

82.01(5)(a)2.

2.

By recorded private claim.

82.01(5)(a)3.

3.

By quarter section, section, township, and range.

82.01(5)(b)

(b)

If the land is located in a recorded and filed subdivision or in an area that is subject to a certified survey map, by reference as described in s.

Wis. Stat. § 83.015

83.015 (2) (b) , the county highway commissioner shall perform all duties required by the county board and by the county highway committee and shall do or cause to be done all necessary engineering and make all necessary examinations for the establishment, construction, improvement and maintenance of highways. The county highway commissioner shall establish such grades and make such surveys and maps or cause the same to be made as the commissioner considers proper, and examine the highways and report as to the condition of roads, bridges and culverts, and make estimates of the cost of the improvement thereof, and of the cost of any relocation when required to do so or when the commissioner considers the same reasonably necessary.

83.01(7)(c)

(c)

The county highway commissioner shall have charge of all county road machinery and tools, and shall be responsible to the county board for their proper maintenance, repair and storage, and shall in the annual report required under par. (d) make a complete inventory of the same, which inventory shall show the date of purchase, the location and condition of such machinery and tools, and the cost and present value thereof.

83.01(7)(d)

(d)

The county highway commissioner shall make an annual report to the department and to the county board at its annual meeting containing an itemized statement of all expenditures made from the county road and bridge fund during the year ending November 1. The commissioner shall include in the report an itemized estimate of the amount needed to properly maintain the county trunk highways in the county for the succeeding year and shall make such recommendations as deemed advisable.

83.01(7)(e)

(e)

The county highway commissioner and the commissioner’s employees may enter private lands for the purpose of making surveys or inspections.

83.01(7)(f)

(f)

Whenever any fence encroaches upon any highway on the county trunk or state trunk system, the county highway commissioner may issue an order requiring the owner or occupant of the land to which such fence is appurtenant to remove the fence from the highway within 30 days. The order shall be served personally or by registered mail. If the fence is not sooner removed the commissioner shall, after the expiration of 30 days, remove the fence. The commissioner shall keep an accurate account of the expense thereof which shall be paid by the county. The expense shall be charged to the town in which such lands are situated and shall be added to its tax roll as a special tax against such lands, and shall be collected and accounted for as other county taxes are. If the claim of encroachment is disputed, the dispute shall be decided in the manner prescribed by s.

Wis. Stat. § 842.08

842.08

 

Platting.

If the court determines that the interests of the parties will be promoted by surveying or platting the premises or any part thereof, it shall, by order, direct the plaintiff or the referee to survey or to make and acknowledge a plat of such premises or a designated part thereof or both; which plat, when made, approved by the court and recorded shall have the same effect and validity as if made by the parties pursuant to ch. 236 . When such plat is so made, approved and recorded, partition or sale if ordered may be made in accordance therewith.

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2023-24 Wisconsin Statutes updated

through 2025 Wis. Act 103 and through all Supreme Court Orders and Controlled Substances Board Orders filed before and in effect on April 3, 2026.

Published and certified under s. 35.18. Changes effective after April 3, 2026, are designated by NOTES.

(Published 4-3-26)

Wis. Stat. § 87.05

87.05 , shall direct the hearing to proceed, the department shall at the same time direct its engineering department to make a survey in the form of a preliminary investigation and to file a report:

87.07(1)(a)

(a)

Determining and showing upon a map the lands, whether contiguous or not, which will be benefited by the abatement or substantial diminution of the flood conditions referred to in the petition; defining by legal description each parcel of such lands, other than those owned by public corporations or public service corporations; stating the most recent equalized assessed value of each such parcel of land, and stating the amount of benefit estimated to be derived by each such parcel from the abatement or substantial diminution of such flood conditions;

87.07(1)(b)

(b)

Giving a general description of the real property of any public corporation and the real and personal property of any public service corporation which will be benefited by the abatement or substantial diminution of the flood conditions referred to in the petition; stating the fair value of each parcel of real estate and piece of personal property so described, and determining the amount of benefit estimated to be derived by each of such parcels of real estate and pieces of personal property from the abatement or substantial diminution of such flood conditions; for the purposes of ss.

Wis. Stat. § 94.01

94.01

 

Plant inspection and pest control authority.

94.01(1)

(1)

 

In the conduct of survey and inspectional programs for the detection, prevention and control of pests, the department may impose quarantines or such other restrictions on the importation into or movement of plants or other material within this state as necessary to prevent or control the dissemination or spread of injurious pests.

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2023-24 Wisconsin Statutes updated

through 2025 Wis. Act 103 and through all Supreme Court Orders and Controlled Substances Board Orders filed before and in effect on April 3, 2026.

Published and certified under s. 35.18. Changes effective after April 3, 2026, are designated by NOTES.

(Published 4-3-26)

The law belongs to the people. Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, 590 U.S. (2020)